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This paper takes a retrospective look at existing international standards, current national and international practices of policy-making and regulation, as well as related efforts by media associations and companies. It has a particular…

States are more and more often confronted with the phenomenon of “hybrid war”, which covers not only military actions, but also other hostile acts, such as disinformation campaigns via social media and cyberattacks. The concept of…

Increasing resilience and bolstering capabilities to address hybrid threats Hybrid activities by State and non-state actors continue to pose a serious and acute threat to the EU and its Member States. Efforts to destabilise countries by…

Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016JC0018 JOINT REPORT TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL on the implementation of the Joint Framework on countering hybrid threats - a European Union response …

This Communication sets out the views of the Commission on the challenges associated with disinformation online. It outlines the key overarching principles and objectives which should guide actions to raise public awareness about…

Declaration by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Representative on Freedom of the Media, the Organization of American States (OAS) Special…

This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs and requested by the European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, assesses the…

An ongoing disinformation campaign aimed at antifa — shorthand for antifascist or antifascism — took a new turn Thursday as freshly created fake Twitter accounts spread false and inflammatory information about antifa’s plans for the Fourth…

For the past years the United States has been a tardy, timid, or tertiary player, with the misinformation of the Russian Federation. Beyond that challenge, the United States has not invested sufficient resources to be competitive in the…