The Council adopted on December 10th conclusions which set priorities and guidelines for EU cooperation in the field of countering hybrid threats and enhancing resilience to these threats, building on the progress made in recent…

This paper takes a retrospective look at existing international standards, current national and international practices of policy-making and regulation, as well as related efforts by media associations and companies. It has a particular…

States are more and more often confronted with the phenomenon of “hybrid war”, which covers not only military actions, but also other hostile acts, such as disinformation campaigns via social media and cyberattacks.The concept of…

Increasing resilience and bolstering capabilities to address hybrid threats Hybrid activities by State and non-state actors continue to pose a serious and acute threat to the EU and its Member States. Efforts to destabilise countries by…

Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016JC0018JOINT REPORT TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL on the implementation of the Joint Framework on countering hybrid threats - a European Union response…

This Communication sets out the views of the Commission on the challenges associated with disinformation online. It outlines the key overarching principles and objectives which should guide actions to raise public awareness about…

Despite the complexity of hybrid war, the PACE stresses that hybrid adversaries do not operate in a legal vacuum and that relevant domestic and international legal norms, including international human rights law, apply to their actions,…

This Joint Communication aims to facilitate a holistic approach that will enable the EU, in coordination with Member States, to specifically counter threats of a hybrid nature by creating synergies between all relevant instruments and…

Declaration by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Representative on Freedom of the Media, the Organization of American States (OAS) Special…